What happens to small DNA fragments compared to larger ones during electrophoresis?

During electrophoresis, small DNA fragments exhibit a distinct behavior compared to larger ones due to the gel matrix's structure. The gel is typically composed of a substance like agarose or polyacrylamide, which creates a porous environment where DNA molecules can move.

Smaller DNA fragments can navigate through these pores more easily and quickly because they encounter less resistance compared to larger fragments. Larger fragments, on the other hand, face more obstacles in the form of the gel's mesh structure, which can impede their movement. As a result, when an electric current is applied, small fragments will migrate faster towards the anode (positive electrode) than their larger counterparts. This differential movement allows for the effective separation of DNA fragments based on size, making it possible to analyze or visualize the DNA bands formed after the electrophoresis process.

The factors related to the other options do not accurately represent the relationship between DNA fragment size and mobility in a gel. Therefore, the correct assertion is that small DNA fragments move faster through the gel matrix.