What is the main function of the atrioventricular valves?

The main function of the atrioventricular valves is to separate the atria and ventricles while preventing backflow into the atria during the contraction of the ventricles. These valves, which include the tricuspid and mitral valves, play a crucial role in maintaining unidirectional blood flow through the heart. When the ventricles contract to push blood into the arteries, the atrioventricular valves close to ensure that the blood does not flow back into the atria, thereby maintaining efficient circulation and proper heart function. This mechanism is vital for effective operation of the heart, as it helps coordinate the cardiac cycle and ensures that blood is appropriately directed towards either the lungs or the rest of the body, depending on the side of the heart involved.