What role does the stationary phase play in chromatography?

The stationary phase plays a crucial role in chromatography by interacting with the sample, facilitating the separation of its components. In chromatography, the stationary phase is typically a solid or a liquid that remains fixed in place, while the mobile phase (usually a liquid or gas) flows through it.

The separation occurs due to differences in how each component of the sample interacts with the stationary phase. Components that have a stronger interaction with the stationary phase will move more slowly through the system, while those that interact less will move more quickly. This difference in movement allows for the separation of various components as they traverse the stationary phase at different rates.

Therefore, the interaction between the stationary phase and the sample is fundamental to achieving effective separations, making this the correct answer to the question regarding the role of the stationary phase in chromatography.